Qualifications
- 1972 Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical), University of Canterbury, New Zealand
- 1974 Master of Applied Science (Environmental Studies), University of Melbourne
- 1969-1979 Certificates of Proficiency for Economics, Accounting Analysis, Politics, Human Geography and Regional Planning papers, New Zealand Universities
- 1991 Certificate in General Management, University of Auckland Graduate School of Business
- 2000 Certificate in Company Direction, Institute of Directors in New Zealand
- 2006 Certificate in Resource Management Act Decision-Making (Chair certification until Dec 2020)

